Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 22-35Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.007
Keywords
Breast cancer; DNA methylation; Histones modifications; ncRNAs; Biomarkers
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Funding
- Italian Ministry of Health (MoH)
- European Regional Development Fund A way of making Europe under the TRANSCAN ERA-NET on Translational Cancer Research [RRC-2014-2354565, CANCER13-FP-011]
- Italian Ministry of Health (MoH) Ricerca Corrente 2016
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) [IG-1269/2006, IG-16647/2015]
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In the last years, mortality from breast cancer has declined in western countries as a consequence of a more widespread screening resulting in earlier detection, as well as an improved molecular classification and advances in adjuvant treatment. Nevertheless, approximately one third of breast cancer patients will develop distant metastases and eventually die for the disease. There is now a compelling body of evidence suggesting that epigenetic modifications comprising DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling play a pivotal role since the early stages of breast cancerogenesis. In addition, recently, increasing emphasis is being placed on the property of ncRNAs to finely control gene expression at multiple levels by interacting with a wide array of molecules such that they might be designated as epigenetic modifiers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of epigenetic modifications in breast cancer, and provide an overview of the significant association of epigenetic traits with the breast cancer clinicopathological features, emphasizing the potentiality of epigenetic marks to become biomarkers in the context of precision medicine.
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