Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 106-119Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.04.001
Keywords
CRISPR; Cas9; Genome-engineering; Cancer; High-throughput screening; Organoids; Immune therapy; Synthetic lethality
Categories
Funding
- Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung
- Translational Physician Scientist (TRAPS) program of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
- State of Baden-Wurttemberg
- State of Baden-Wurttemberg for the Center of Geriatric Oncology (ZOBEL) Perspektivforderung
- State of Baden-Wurttemberg for the Biology of Frailty Sonderlinie Medizin
- Hector Foundation II
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CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful method for making changes to the genome of many organisms. First discovered in bacteria as part of an adaptive immune system, CRISPR/Cas9 and modified versions have found a widespread use to engineer genomes and to activate or to repress the expression of genes. As such, CRISPR/Cas9 promises to accelerate cancer research by providing an efficient technology to dissect mechanisms of tumorigenesis, identify targets for drug development, and possibly arm cells for cell-based therapies. Here, we review current applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for cancer research and therapy. We describe novel Cas9 variants and how they are used in functional genomics to discover novel cancer-specific vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 in generating organoid and mouse models of cancer. Finally, we provide an overview of the first clinical trials that apply CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic approach against cancer.
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