Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 78-89Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.04.003
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; Immunotherapy; Immunosuppressive niche; Checkpoint inhibitor; Adoptive cell transfer
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Funding
- State of Baden-Wurttemberg for Center of Geriatric Biology and Oncology (ZOBEL) - Perspektivforderung
- State of Baden-Wurttemberg for Biology of Frailty - Sonderlinie Medizin
- Deutsche Krebshilfe [108287, 111086]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BU2285]
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-MOST) [Ca158]
- intramural program Translational Physician Scientist (TraPS) (Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg)
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Immunotherapy is the latest revolution in cancer therapy. It continues to show impressive results in malignancies like melanoma and others. At least so far, effects are modest in colorectal cancer (CRC) and only a subset of patients benefits from already approved checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we discuss major hurdles of immunotherapy like the immunosuppressive niche and low immunogenicity of CRC next to current achievements of checkpoint inhibitors, interleukin treatment and adoptive cell transfer (dendritic cells/cytokine induced killer cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor cells, T cell receptor transfer) in preclinical models and clinical trials. We intensively examine approaches to overcome low immunogenicity by combination of different therapies and address future strategies of therapy as well as the need of predictive factors in this emerging field of precision medicine.
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