Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 626, Issue -, Pages 1047-1056Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.135
Keywords
Urban soil; Environment behavior; Combined pollution; Joint toxicity; Risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271503]
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2017YFC0505702]
- Special Foundation of the State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology
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Combined pollution of agrichemicals and heavy metals in urban lawn soils were commonly observed throughout the world, and the co-existed two chemicals could interact with each other both in environment behavior and toxic effect. However, little has been reported on the ecological risk of their combined pollution, especially in field due to lack of systematic methodology. In this study, four soils (C, N1, N2, N3) fromtwo public parks in Beijing, China, with similar properties but contrasting heavy metal contaminated level were chosen to assess the ecological risks of co-existed herbicide siduron and heavymetals. Environmental behaviors of siduron in studied soils were investigated with batch experiments in lab, based on which the environmental exposure level of siduron was simulated with HYDRUS-1D. Results suggested that soil organic matter (SOM) rather than the coexisted heavy metals was the dominant factor affecting the fate and the accumulation of siduron in soils. Soil N2 with the highest SOM, showed the strongest tendency to retain siduron among the studied soils. Significant joint effect of siduron and heavy metals on cucumber root elongation was observed through lab experiments. Thus, the joint toxicity of siduron and heavy metals were calculated based on single toxicology data of them using independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) model. Then, the predicted no effect concentration (PNECsoil) of siduron was calculatedwith equilibriumpartitioningmethod and extrapolation techniques. The PNECsoil of siduron was the lowest in heaviest heavy metal contaminated soil N3. The risk characterization ratios (RCR) of siduron in four soilswere all >1. The highest RCR of siduron in soil N3 suggested that itwas the joint toxicity of siduron and heavy metals to organisms determining the ecological risks of siduron in combined polluted soils. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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