Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 621, Issue -, Pages 1066-1073Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.120
Keywords
Endocrine disrupting compounds; Aquatic environments; Solid-phase extraction; Liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic - project 'CENAKVA' [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024]
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic - project, 'CENAKVA II' (under the NPU I program) [LO1205]
- Czech Science Foundation [16-09709Y]
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The aim of this study was to develop a reliable analytical method for the measurement of 17 selected progestogens in waste water and surface water. Automated whole water solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for sample concentration. Liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/atmospheric pressure photoionization with hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometry operated in high resolution product scan mode (LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS) was applied for the analyses. The whole-method recoveries ranged from 60% to 140% for all analytes at two different spike levels (5 and 50 ng/L) in the studied matrices. The method is very sensitive with LOQs ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/L. The developed method was used for the determination of progestogens in real samples of waste water from three waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and in surface water from the corresponding recipients. Progesterone was detected in all samples with concentrations in the range of 0.82 to 1.1 ng/L in surface water and 0.11 to 110 ng/L in waste water samples. Three synthetic progestogens, namely, megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and dienogest, were detected most frequently in effluents; therefore, further attention should be paid to the monitoring of these compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to present analysis of altrenogest, etonogestrel, dienogest, nomegestrol acetate and ulipristal acetate in waste water and surface water using a solid-phase extraction method. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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