Metabolic and proteomic mechanism of bisphenol A degradation by Bacillus thuringiensis

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide, widespread pollutant with estrogenmimicking and hormone-like properties. To date, some target biomolecules associatedwith BPA toxicity have been confirmed. The limited information has not clarified the related metabolismat the pathway and network levels. To this end, metabolic and proteomic approaches were performed to reveal the synthesis of phospholipids and proteins and themetabolic network during the BPA degradation process. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of 1 mu M of BPA by 1 g L-1 of Bacillus thuringiensis was up to 85% after 24 h. During this process, BPA significantly changed the membrane permeability; altered sporulation, amino acid and protein expression, and carbon, purine, pyrimidine and fatty acid metabolism; enhanced C14: 0, C16: 1 omega 7, C18: 2 omega 6, C18: 1 omega 9t and C18: 0 synthesis; and increased the trans/cis ratio of C18: 1 omega 9t/C18: 1 omega 9c. It also depressed the spore DNA stability of B. thuringiensis. Among the 14 upregulated and 7 down-regulated proteins, SasP-1 could be a biomarker to reflect BPA-triggered spore DNA impairment. TpiA, RpoA, GlnA and InfA could be phosphorylated at the active sites of serine and tyrosine. The findings presented novel insights into the interaction among BPA stress, BPA degradation, phospholipid synthesis and protein expression at the network and phylogenetic levels. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.