Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 644, Issue -, Pages 1128-1140Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.355
Keywords
European Union; Surface water; Micropollutants; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix
Categories
Funding
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006]
- Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - ERDF through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984]
- FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
- ERDF funds through COMPETE2020 - POCI [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030521]
- national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES
- ERDF funds through NORTE 2020 [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-031049]
- ERDF, through COMPETE 2020 - POCI [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939, UID/EQU/00511/2013]
- FCT- LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005]
- FCT [IF/01101/2014, SFRH/BD/115568/2016, SFRH/BPD/76974/2011, SFRH/BPD/101703/2014]
- European Social Fund
- Human Potential Operational Programme
- US National Science Foundation [CBET 1653726]
- NORTE 2020, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the ERDF
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/115568/2016] Funding Source: FCT
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The European Union (EU) has recommended the monitoring of specific priority substances (PSs, Directive 2013/39) and some contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, Decision 2015/495) in surface waterbodies. The present study provides spatial distributions and temporal variations of a wide range of multi-class PSs and CECs in four stressed rivers in Portugal (Ave, Leca, Antua, and Certima). Thirteen micropollutants were found in all four rivers, including the priority pesticide isoproturon (up to 92 ng L-1), various pharmaceuticals (up to 396 ng L-1), and the UV-filter 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC, up to 562 ng L-1) identified in Decision 2015/495. The industrial priority compound perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was found in three rivers (Antua, Certima, and Leca) below the method quantification limit, together with four pharmaceuticals not included in these EU guidelines. The already banned priority pesticide atrazine was detected in Ave, Antua, and Leca (up to 41 ng L-1) and simazine in Certima and Leca (up to 26 ng L-1). Acetamiprid and imidacloprid (included in Decision 2015/495) were only detected during the dry season in the Ave. Leca river was selected as a waterbody case study for assessment of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). These results matched the spatial distribution trend of micropollutants along the river, with stronger fluorescence response and higher concentrations being found downstream of industrial areas and urban waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the fluorescence signature of surface water collected downstream of an urban WWTP aligned very well with that obtained for the respective WWTP effluent. Thus, actions are needed to preserve a good environmental status of these stressed European waterbodies. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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