Potential association between exposure to legacy persistent organic pollutants and parasitic body burdens in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises from the Pearl River Estuary, China

A high prevalence of infectious diseases (mostly lungworms) is found in finless porpoises (genus Neophocaena) in the coastal waters of China, which is one of the most dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)- polluted areas worldwide, while its association with contaminant exposure remains undetermined. To address this gap, we investigated blubber levels of polychlorinated diphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Indo- Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) of China. In the post- mortem examinations, lungworms (Halocercus species) were found to be the most common parasites, with a high density observed in lungs and bronchi. Severe infections by nematode parasites were also found in the uterus (Cystidicola species), intestine (Anisakis typica) and muscle (A. typica). For all the pollutant compounds analyzed, only the concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and o,p'-DDD were significantly higher in porpoises died of infectious diseases than in the healthy individuals (died from physical trauma). Contrasted accumulation pattern of DDTs and their metabolites was found between animals with different health status. The proportion of p, p'DDT in Sigma DDTs was higher than that of p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in diseased animals, whereas an opposite pattern was shown for healthy ones. While this study is the first to describe a significant positive correlation between parasitic diseases and high levels of DDTs in cetaceans, the direction of causality cannot be determined in our data: either a parasitic infection affected the porpoises' ability to metabolize DDTs, resulting in high levels of p,p'-DDT in their blubber, or the pollutant burden rendered them more susceptible to parasitic infection. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.