Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 361, Issue 6398, Pages 147-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2890
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- United States: National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs
- United States: NSF Physics Division
- United States: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- United States: Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
- United States: Open Science Grid (OSG)
- United States: Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE)
- United States: U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Belgium: Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS)
- Belgium: Fund for Scientific Research (FWO)
- Belgium: FWO Odysseus programme
- Belgium: Big Science programme
- Belgium: Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo)
- Germany: Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Germany: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Germany: Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
- Germany: Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association
- Germany: Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY)
- Germany: High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen
- Sweden: Swedish Research Council
- Sweden: Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
- Sweden: Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)
- Sweden: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Australia: Australian Research Council
- Canada: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada: Calcul Quebec
- Canada: Compute Ontario
- Canada: Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canada: WestGrid
- Canada: Compute Canada
- Denmark: Villum Fonden
- Denmark: Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF)
- New Zealand: Marsden Fund
- Japan: Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Japan: Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University
- Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- STFC [ST/P000770/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Villum Fonden [00013161] Funding Source: researchfish
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC) [1626251] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1505296] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015H1A2A1032363] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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A high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Prompted by this association, we investigated 9.5 years of IceCube neutrino observations to search for excess emission at the position of the blazar. We found an excess of high-energy neutrino events, with respect to atmospheric backgrounds, at that position between September 2014 and March 2015. Allowing for time-variable flux, this constitutes 3.5 sigma evidence for neutrino emission from the direction of TXS 0506+056, independent of and prior to the 2017 flaring episode. This suggests that blazars are identifiable sources of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux.
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