Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 360, Issue 6388, Pages 537-542Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar7186
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Funding
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Brain and Cognition grant) [433-09-208]
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (ALW grant) [823-02-010]
- European Union [PITN-GA-2011-290011, 7202070]
- European Union (European Research Council) [339490]
- Fondation Bertarelli
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
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Why are some visual stimuli consciously detected, whereas others remain subliminal? We investigated the fate of weak visual stimuli in the visual and frontal cortex of awake monkeys trained to report stimulus presence. Reported stimuli were associated with strong sustained activity in the frontal cortex, and frontal activity was weaker and quickly decayed for unreported stimuli. Information about weak stimuli could be lost at successive stages en route from the visual to the frontal cortex, and these propagation failures were confirmed through microstimulation of area V1. Fluctuations in response bias and sensitivity during perception of identical stimuli were traced back to prestimulus brain-state markers. A model in which stimuli become consciously reportable when they elicit a nonlinear ignition process in higher cortical areas explained our results.
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