Journal
PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR
Volume 8, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/psb.26093
Keywords
extracellular ATP; apyrase; stomata; abscisic acid; Arabidopsis
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [IOS-1027514]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Science Education award Freshman Research Initiative at the University of Texas [52005907]
- National Science Foundation Freshman Research Initiative at the University of Texas [CHE0629136]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1027514] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In Arabidopsis leaves there is a bi-phasic dose-response to applied nucleotides; i.e., lower concentrations induce stomatal opening, while higher concentrations induce closure. Two mammalian purinoceptor antagonists, PPADS and RB2, block both nucleotide-induced stomatal opening and closing. These antagonists also partially block ABA-induced stomatal closure and light-induced stomatal opening. There are two closely related Arabidopsis apyrases, AtAPY1 and AtAPY2, which are both expressed in guard cells. Here we report that low levels of apyrase chemical inhibitors can induce stomatal opening in the dark, while apyrase enzyme blocks ABA-induced stomatal closure. We also demonstrate that high concentrations of ATP induce stomatal closure in the light. Application of AT P gamma S and chemical apyrase inhibitors at concentrations that have no effect on stomatal closure can lower the threshold for ABA-induced closure. The closure induced by ATP gamma S was not observed in gpa1-3 loss-of-function mutants. These results further confirm the role of extracellular ATP in regulating stomatal apertures.
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