Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION
Volume 2013, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2013/780502
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Cantharidin skin blisterswere examined over two days tomodel the acute and resolving phases of inflammation in human skin. Four blisters were created by topical administration of cantharidin (0.1% v/v) to the forearm of healthy volunteers, with IRB approval. Duplicate skin blisters were aspirated at 16 and 40 hours to model the proinflammatory and resolving phases, respectively. There was a significant increase in leukocyte infiltrate at 40 h with appearance of a resolving macrophage phenotype CD14 + CD163 + by flow cytometry. Neutrophils acquired apoptotic markers at 40 h and were observed to be phagocytosed by macrophagic Reiter's cells. Multiplex cytokine analysis demonstrated that monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1/CCL2), interleukin-(IL-) 6, IL8/ CXCL8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP1 alpha /CCL3), MIP-1 beta/CCL4, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha andeotaxin (CCL11) were all significantly upregulated at 16 h compared with 40 h. In contrast, immunoregulatory transforming growth factor-(TGF-)beta, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10/CXCL10) were significantly elevated at 40 h. Our results demonstrate that the phases of inflammation and resolution can be discriminated in a two-day model of dermal wound healing. This confirms and extends our understanding of wound repair in humans and provides a powerful research tool for use in clinical settings and to track the molecular benefits of therapeutic intervention.
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