Bioadhesives for Wood and Fibres: A Critical Review

Recent developments and trends in the field of eco-friendly bio-based adhesives are reviewed. The more recent developments in tannin adhesives without the use of aldehyde-yielding compounds under the conditions of processing, or even without the use of hardeners are described. Lignin adhesives are discussed next as well as protein adhesives such as soy protein adhesives. Some trends in carbohydrate adhesives, as modifiers of existing adhesives, by forming degradation compounds or even in the form of liquified wood are addressed. Unsaturated oil adhesives based on epoxidized unsaturated vegetable oils are also described as well as an example of a different approach using a modified cashew nut shell oil to yield an adhesive by self-condensation of the material.