Depressive symptoms in Chinese male inpatients with schizophrenia: Prevalence and clinical correlates

Depression is common in patients with schizophrenia and associated with serious consequences. However, previous studies have mixed findings on characteristics of depression in schizophrenia, partly because of the use of depressive symptom scales that are not specific to schizophrenia. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. A consecutive sample of 349 male inpatients with schizophrenia was recruited from the largest psychiatric specialty hospital in south-central China. Depressive symptoms and psychopathology of patients were assessed with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, respectively. Extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) were assessed with the Simpson Angus Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Demographic and other clinical data were also collected. Depressive symptoms were present in 41.8% of male schizophrenia inpatients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that early age at onset (OR [95%CI] = 1.12 [1.01,1.27], p = 0.049), more severe negative symptoms (OR [95%CI] = 1.05 [1.01,1.09], p = 0.034), more severe general psychopathological symptoms (OR [95%CI] = 1.06 [1.01,1.12], p = 0.041), akathisia (OR [95%CI] = 2.87 [1.45,5.69], p = 0.003), and dyskinesia (OR [95%CI] = 3.93 [1.36,11.33], p = 0.011) were significantly associated with depression. Appropriate antipsychotic medication treatment and reducing EPSs of antipsychotics may help prevent or relieve depression of patients with schizophrenia.