Journal
CRIME & DELINQUENCY
Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 115-139Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0011128709359653
Keywords
disproportionate minority contact; racial disparity; disproportionate minority confinement; juvenile referral; racial discrimination
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Beginning in fiscal year 1994, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention included, as a requirement for a state to receive Federal Formula Grants, the determination of whether disproportionate minority confinement existed in its juvenile justice system, the identification of its causes, and the development and implementation of corrective strategies. The current study examined the extent to which U.S. juvenile justice systems have been successful in reducing disproportionate minority confinement-specifically, disproportionate African American incarceration-since the implementation of the office's initiative. The findings suggest that, on average, there has been a reduction of nearly one fifth in the disproportionate Black:White ratio of juvenile placements, controlling for the groups' rate of arrests during the past decade.
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