Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 285, Issue 1873, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2735
Keywords
sonar; audition; blindness; beam-pattern; SNR
Categories
Funding
- British Council
- Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in the UK [SC037733]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M007847/1]
- BBSRC [BB/M007847/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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In bats it has been shown that they adjust their emissions to situational demands. Here we report similar findings for human echolocation. We asked eight blind expert echolocators to detect reflectors positioned at various azimuth angles. The same 17.5 cm diameter circular reflector placed at 100 cm distance at 08, 458 or 908 with respect to straight ahead was detected with 100% accuracy, but performance dropped to approximately 80% when it was placed at 1358 (i.e. somewhat behind) and to chance levels (50%) when placed at 1808 (i.e. right behind). This can be explained based on poorer target ensonification owing to the beam pattern of human mouth clicks. Importantly, analyses of sound recordings show that echolocators increased loudness and numbers of clicks for reflectors at farther angles. Echolocators were able to reliably detect reflectors when level differences between echo and emission were as lowas 227 dB, which is much lower than expected based on previous work. Increasing intensity and numbers of clicks improves signal-to-noise ratio and in this way compensates for weaker target reflections. Our results are, to our knowledge, the first to show that human echolocation experts adjust their emissions to improve sensory sampling. An implication from our findings is that human echolocators accumulate information from multiple samples.
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