Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 115, Issue 12, Pages 3180-3185Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719979115
Keywords
Catharanthus roseus monoterpeoind indole alkaloids; virus-induced gene silencing; catharanthine assembly; tabersonine assembly; multiple-pathway gene function
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chairs
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Center (Brock University)
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Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) possess a diversity of alkaloid skeletons whose biosynthesis is poorly understood. A bioinformatic search of candidate genes, combined with their virus-induced gene silencing, targeted MIA profiling and in vitro/in vivo pathway reconstitution identified and functionally characterized six genes as well as a seventh enzyme reaction required for the conversion of 19E-geissoschizine to tabersonine and catharanthine. The involvement of pathway intermediates in the formation of four MIA skeletons is described, and the role of stemmadenine-O-acetylation in providing necessary reactive substrates for the formation of iboga and aspidosperma MIAs is described. The results enable the assembly of complex dimeric MIAs used in cancer chemotherapy and open the way to production of many other biologically active MIAs that are not easily available from nature.
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