Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 115, Issue 20, Pages 5193-5198Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719291115
Keywords
acoustics; climate change; coral reefs; Great Barrier Reef; settlement
Categories
Funding
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P001572/1]
- NERC-Australian Institute of Marine Science CASE GW4+ Studentship [NE/L002434/1]
- NERC-Marine Scotland Science CASE GW4+ Studentship [NE/L002434/1]
- Royal Society [RG160452]
- University of Exeter
- Australian Research Council [DP170103372]
- Australian Institute of Marine Science
- Cefas
- NERC [NE/P001572/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Coral reefs are increasingly degraded by climate-induced bleaching and storm damage. Reef recovery relies on recruitment of young fishes for the replenishment of functionally important taxa. Acoustic cues guide the orientation, habitat selection, and settlement of many fishes, but these processes may be impaired if degradation alters reef soundscapes. Here, we report spatiotemporally matched evidence of soundscapes altered by degradation from recordings taken before and after recent severe damage on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Postdegradation soundscapes were an average of 15 dB re 1 mu Pa quieter and had significantly reduced acoustic complexity, richness, and rates of invertebrate snaps compared with their predegradation equivalents. We then used these matched recordings in complementary light-trap and patch-reef experiments to assess responses of wild fish larvae under natural conditions. We show that postdegradation soundscapes were 8% less attractive to presettlement larvae and resulted in 40% less settlement of juvenile fishes than predegradation soundscapes; postdegradation soundscapes were no more attractive than open-ocean sound. However, our experimental design does not allow an estimate of how much attraction and settlement to isolated postdegradation soundscapes might change compared with isolated predegradation soundscapes. Reductions in attraction and settlement were qualitatively similar across and within all trophic guilds and taxonomic groups analyzed. These patterns may lead to declines in fish populations, exacerbating degradation. Acoustic changes might therefore trigger a feedback loop that could impair reef resilience. To understand fully the recovery potential of coral reefs, we must learn to listen.
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