Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 1249-1256Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.098
Keywords
flame synthesis; iron oxide; nanocrystals; carbon nanotubes; stainless steel
Funding
- Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0417]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1029]
- National Science Foundation [CTS-0522556, DGE-0903661, CBET-1249259]
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Using a rapid, open-atmosphere flame synthesis technique, iron-oxide nanoparticles (alpha-Fe2O3) and nanocrystals (gamma-Fe2O3) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown directly on stainless steel substrates. Multiple inverse-diffusion flames provide both oxide species (H2O and CO2) and carbon species (CH4, CO, C2H2), at elevated temperature, conducive for the growths of iron-oxide nanoparticles/nanocrystals and CNTs. The growth of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles occurs at 500 degrees C. At a temperature of 850 degrees C, the growth of CNTs occurs on type 304 stainless steel, while gamma-Fe2O nanocrystal films are grown on 304 L and 316 L stainless steels with relatively lower innate carbon content. Interestingly, a temperature-step process, where 304 stainless steel substrate is initially at 500 degrees C and then increased to 850 degrees C, distinctly converts the seed alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into larger gamma-Fe2O3 nanocrystals, with some scattered CNTs. Strategically time-varied local conditions should produce different compositional ratios of iron-oxide/CNT hybrid films, as well as targeted functionally-graded nanostructures and nanocomposites. (C) 2018 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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