4.5 Article

Exploring contacts facilitating transmission of influenza A(H5N1) virus between poultry farms in West Java, Indonesia: A major role for backyard farms?

Journal

PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
Volume 156, Issue -, Pages 8-15

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.04.008

Keywords

Avian influenza; H5N1; Indonesia; Transmission; Contact structure; Poultry

Funding

  1. Bogor Agriculture University
  2. Livestock Agency of West Java Province
  3. Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia
  4. Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW) [SPIN3-JRP-61]

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been reported in Asia, including Indonesia since 2003. Although several risk factors related to the HPAIV outbreaks in poultry in Indonesia have been identified, little is known of the contact structure of farms of different poultry production types (backyard chickens, broilers, layers, and ducks). This study aims to quantify the contact rates associated with the movement of people, and movements of live birds and products and equipment that affect the risk of HPAIV H5N1 trans mission between poultry farms in Indonesia. On 124 poultry farms in 6 districts in West Java, logbooks were distributed to record the movements of farmers/staff and visitors and their poultry contacts. Most movements in backyard chicken, commercial native chicken, broiler and duck farms were visits to and from other poultry farms, whilst in layer farms visits to and from poultry companies, visits to egg collection houses and visit from other poultry farms were most frequent. Over 75% of persons visiting backyard chicken and duck farms had previously visited other poultry farms on the same day. Visitors of backyard chicken farms had the highest average contact rate, either direct contact with poultry on other farms before the visits (1.35 contact/day) or contact during their visits in the farms (10.03 contact/day). These results suggest that backyard chicken farms are most at risk for transmission of HPAIV compared to farms of the other poultry production types. Since visits of farm-to-farm were high, backyard farms could also a potential source for HPAIV transmission to commercial poultry farms.

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