Journal
POLAR BIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages 1197-1216Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2278-5
Keywords
Sea-ice algae; Under-ice bloom; Phytoplankton; Photoacclimation; Advection of cells; Arctic; Satellite; Autonomous underwater vehicle; Chlorophyll a; Pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence (PAM)
Categories
Funding
- Centre of Excellence at NTNU AMOS (NRC, Norwegian Research Council) [223254]
- NRC Project Arctic ABC [NRC 244319]
- UNIS MSc and PhD course Light regime and primary production in the Arctic [AB 323-823]
- NERC
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P006302/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/P006302/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Under-ice blooms of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea have been observed, with strong implications for our understanding of the production regimes in the Arctic Ocean. Using a combination of satellite remote sensing of phytoplankton biomass, in situ observations under sea ice from an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and in vivo photophysiology, we examined the composition, magnitude and origin of a bloom detected beneath the sea ice Northwest of Svalbard (Southern Yermak Plateau) in May 2010. In situ concentration of up to 20 mg chlorophyll a [Chl a] m(-3), were dominated by the northern planktonic spring species of diatoms, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, T. antarctica var. borealis, Chaetoceros socialis species complex and Fragilariopsis oceanica. These species were also found south of the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Cells in the water column under the sea ice were typically high-light acclimated, with a mean light saturation index (E (k) ) of 138 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) and a ratio between photoprotective carotenoids (PPC) and Chl a (w:w) of 0.2. Remotely sensed data of [Chl a] showed a 32,000 km(2) bloom developing south of the MIZ. In effect, our data suggest that the observed under-ice bloom was in fact a bloom developed in open waters south of the ice edge, and that a combination of northward-flowing water masses and southward drifting sea ice effectively positioned the bloom under the sea ice. This have implications for our general understanding of under-ice blooms, suggesting that their origin and connection with open water may be different in different regions of the Arctic.
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