Journal
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 177, Issue 1, Pages 82-89Publisher
AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00185
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31701091]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20161016]
- Program for Jiangsu Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Team [17CXTD00014]
- Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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During plant-pathogen interactions, plants use intracellular proteins with nucleotide-binding site and Leu-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domains to detect pathogens. NBS-LRR proteins represent a major class of plant disease resistance genes (R-genes). Whereas R-genes have been well characterized in angiosperms, little is known about their origin and early diversification. Here, we perform comprehensive evolutionary analyses of R-genes in plants and report the identification of R-genes in basal-branching streptophytes, including charophytes, liverworts, and mosses. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that plant R-genes originated in charophytes and R-proteins diversified into TIR-NBS-LRR proteins and non-TIR-NBS-LRR proteins in charophytes. Moreover, we show that plant R-proteins evolved in a modular fashion through frequent gain or loss of protein domains. Most of the R-genes in basal-branching streptophytes underwent adaptive evolution, indicating an ancient involvement of R-genes in plant-pathogen interactions. Our findings provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of R-genes and the mechanisms underlying colonization of terrestrial environments by plants.
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