Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 20, Issue 23, Pages 16012-16020Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00355f
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Funding
- EPSRC [EP/N033310/1]
- University of Bath
- Technology Strategy Board (TSB), UK [TS/H000240/1]
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The structure of dispersions of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF), at various concentrations, in water and in NaCl aqueous solutions, was probed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). OCNF are modelled as rod-like particles with an elliptical cross-section of 10 nm and a length greater than 100 nm. As OCNF concentration increases above 1.5 wt%, repulsive interactions between fibrils are evidenced, modelled by the interaction parameter nu(RPA) > 0. This corresponds to gel-like behaviour, where G' > G '' and the storage modulus, G', shows weak frequency dependence. Hydrogels can also be formed at OCNF concentration of 1 wt% in 0.1 M NaCl(aq). SAXS patterns shows an increase of the intensity at low angle that is modelled by attractive interactions (nu(RPA) < 0) between OCNF, arising from the screening of the surface charge of the fibrils. Results are supported by zeta potential and cryo-TEM measurements.
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