Journal
PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 549, Issue -, Pages 102-106Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2018.02.024
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Funding
- NSF [NIRT-0304122]
- DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46550, DE-FG02-04ER46111]
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Since closed lines of accidental electronic degeneracies were demonstrated to be possible, even frequent, by Herring in 1937, no further developments arose for eight decades. The earliest report of such a nodal loop in a real material - aluminum - is recounted and elaborated on. Nodal loop semimetals have become a focus of recent activity, with emphasis on other issues. Band degeneracies are, after all, the origin of topological phases in crystalline materials. Spin-orbit interaction lifts accidental band degeneracies, with the resulting spectrum being provided here. The geometric phase gamma(C) = +/-pi for circuits C surrounding a line of such degeneracy cannot survive completely unchanged. The change depends on how the spin is fixed during adiabatic evolution. For spin fixed along the internal spin-orbit field, gamma(C) decreases to zero as the circuit collapses around the line of lifted degeneracy. For spin fixed along a perpendicular axis, the conical intersection persists and gamma(C) = +/-pi is unchanged.
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