Journal
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Volume 187, Issue -, Pages 180-194Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.009
Keywords
Biomarker; Extracellular vesicles (EVs); Liver disease; Alcohol liver disease (AID); Drug-induced liver injury (DILI); Therapeutics
Categories
Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- Korean Biomedical Scientist Training Fellowship
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science ICT [2017M3A9G80833382]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government [2014R1A5A2009242]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM [ZIAAA000036] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous vesicles originating from various cells and tissues, including the liver parenchymal hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells such as Kupffer and stellate cells. Recently, the pathophysiological role of EVs, such as exosomes and microvesicles, has been increasingly recognized based on their properties of intercellular communications. These EVs travel through the circulating blood and interact with specific cells and then deliver their cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins into recipient cells. In addition, based on their stabilities, circulating EVs from body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, saliva, semen, breast milk and amniotic fluids are being studied as a valuable source of potential biomarkers for providing information about the physiological status of original cells or tissues. In addition, EVs are considered potential therapeutic agents due to their ability for intercellular communications between different cell types within the liver and between various organs through transfer of their cargos. In this review, we have briefly described recent advances in the characteristics and pathophysiological roles of EVs in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and discuss their advantages in the discovery of potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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