Journal
LANCET NEUROLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 597-608Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70057-7
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Funding
- Allergan
- Allon Therapeutics
- Biotie
- Ceregene
- Chelsea Therapeutics
- Diana Hells Henry Medical Research Foundation
- EMD Serono
- Huntington's Disease Society of America
- Huntington Study Group
- Impax Pharmaceuticals
- Ipsen
- Lundbeck
- Medtronic
- Merz Pharmaceuticals
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research
- National Institutes of Health
- National Parkinson Foundation
- Neurogen
- St Jude Medical
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- University of Rochester
- Parkinson Study Group
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Movement disorders can occur as primary (idiopathic) or genetic disease, as a manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative disorder, or secondary to a wide range of neurological or systemic diseases. Cerebrovascular diseases represent up to 22% of secondary movement disorders, and involuntary movements develop after 1-4% of strokes. Post-stroke movement disorders can manifest in parkinsonism or a wide range of hyperkinetic movement disorders including chorea, ballism, athetosis, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, stereotypies, and akathisia. Some of these disorders occur immediately after acute stroke, whereas others can develop later, and yet others represent delayed-onset progressive movement disorders. These movement disorders have been encountered in patients with ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebrovascular malformations, and dural arteriovenous fistula affecting the basal ganglia, their connections, or both.
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