Heat transfer modeling of a novel battery thermal management system

A battery cooling system is proposed for future carbon-free ammonia-based hybrid electric vehicles. In the proposed design, aluminum cold plates with tubes that are filled with liquid ammonia are placed between the batteries in the battery pack. The ammonia evaporates while cooling the plate, which then cools the batteries in the pack. The generated ammonia vapor passes to the vehicle electrical generator where it is used to produce electrical energy for driving the vehicle or charging the batteries. The proposed system was able to perform better than mini-channel liquid cooling systems, air cooling systems, and direct contact boiling systems.