Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 218, Issue 3, Pages 1049-1060Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.15050
Keywords
biosynthesis; cell wall; evolution; IRX10; Klebsormidium flaccidum; Klebsormidium nitens; xylan; XYS1
Categories
Funding
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Carlsberg Foundation
- Innovation Fund Denmark (IFD) [5112-00006B]
- Villum Foundation's Young Investigator Program
- Leverhulme Natural Material Innovation Centre
- BioEnergy Science (BESC)
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
- NIH [P41GM103390, P01 GM107012]
- Innovation Fund Denmark
- Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates [DE-SC0015662]
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Insights into the evolution of plant cell walls have important implications for comprehending these diverse and abundant biological structures. In order to understand the evolving structure-function relationships of the plant cell wall, it is imperative to trace the origin of its different components. The present study is focused on plant 1,4-beta-xylan, tracing its evolutionary origin by genome and transcriptome mining followed by phylogenetic analysis, utilizing a large selection of plants and algae. It substantiates the findings by heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a charophyte alga xylan synthase. Of the 12 known gene classes involved in 1,4-beta-xylan formation, XYS1/IRX10 in plants, IRX7, IRX8, IRX9, IRX14 and GUX occurred for the first time in charophyte algae. An XYS1/IRX10 ortholog from Klebsormidium flaccidum, designated K.flaccidum XYLAN SYNTHASE-1 (KfXYS1), possesses 1,4-beta-xylan synthase activity, and 1,4-beta-xylan occurs in the K. flaccidum cell wall. These data suggest that plant 1,4-beta-xylan originated in charophytes and shed light on the origin of one of the key cell wall innovations to occur in charophyte algae, facilitating terrestrialization and emergence of polysaccharide-based plant cell walls.
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