Journal
NEUROTHERAPEUTICS
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 529-540Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0636-1
Keywords
Epigenetic; HDAC; HAT; Transcription; Axonal regeneration; Spinal cord injury; Nerve injury; DNA methylation; RNA
Funding
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
- Wings for Life
- Henry Smith Charity
- Rosetrees Trust
- Leverhulme Trust
- ISRT
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
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Axonal regeneration relies on the expression of regenerative associated genes within a coordinated transcriptional programme, which is finely tuned as a result of the activation of several regenerative signalling pathways. In mammals, this chain of events occurs in neurons following peripheral axonal injury, however it fails upon axonal injury in the central nervous system, such as in the spinal cord and the brain. Accumulating evidence has been suggesting that epigenetic control is a key factor to initiate and sustain the regenerative transcriptional response and that it might contribute to regenerative success versus failure. This review will discuss experimental evidence so far showing a role for epigenetic regulation in models of peripheral and central nervous system axonal injury. It will also propose future directions to fill key knowledge gaps and to test whether epigenetic control might indeed discriminate between regenerative success and failure.
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