Journal
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
Volume 670, Issue -, Pages 75-82Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.040
Keywords
Human cerebral organoid; Embryonic stem cell; Pluripotent stem cell; Oligodendrocyte; Matured neural cells
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Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [17H07031, 15H04909]
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Nara Medical University
- SUZUKEN CO., LTD.
- MSD Lifescience Foundation
- Novartis Pharma K.K.
- FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD.
- KTX Corp., Aichi, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H07031, 15H04909, 16K09728] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Recently, researchers have developed protocols for human cerebral organoids using human pluripotent stem cells, which mimic the structure of the developing human brain. Existing research demonstrated that human cerebral organoids which undergo short cultivation periods, contain astrocytes, neurons, and neural stem cells, but lacked mature oligodendrocytes, and mature, fully functional neurons. In this study, we analyzed organoids induced from H9 human embryonic stem (ES) cells that were cultivated for as long as six months. We observed mature oligodendrocytes, positive for MBP (myelin-basic protein), and mature GAD67 (glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform)-positive inhibitory neurons and VGLUT1 (vesicular glutamate transporter 1)-positive excitatory neurons via immunohistochemical analysis. These observations suggest that long-term cultivation of cerebral organoids can lead to the maturation of human cerebral organoids, which can be used as a tool to study the development of human brains.
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