Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 87, Issue -, Pages 87-105Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.011
Keywords
Genuine motor abnormalities; Schizotypy; UHR individuals; First-degree relatives; Schizophrenia; Intermediate phenotype
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Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [DFG HI 1928/2-1, WO 1883/6-1]
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Schizophrenia is a severe behavioral syndrome of neurodevelopmental nature marked by primary or genuine motor abnormalities (GMA), which refer to spontaneous and medication-independent motor phenomena. Since motor dysfunction thus might be a consequence of events occurring during early childhood and adolescence, GMA can be detected in the period preceding manifest schizophrenia. However, the question whether motor system dysfunction might be a promising motor intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia remains unanswered. In this review, we systematically evaluate the evidence on GMA in healthy persons, individuals with schizotypal personality traits, persons at ultra-high risk for psychosis, and unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. What becomes evident is a continuum of GMA expression, which appears to be linked to abnormalities of cerebello-thalamo-cortical, fronto-parietal, and cortico-subcortical motor circuits. According to current evidence, motor dysfunction is a key aspect of the neurodevelopmental risk factor model of schizophrenia. Insights provided by this research will help promoting the RDoC Motor System construct and expand the clinical relevance of the motor domain in the period preceding manifest schizophrenia.
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