Journal
NEUROIMAGE
Volume 172, Issue -, Pages 194-205Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.020
Keywords
Neurodevelopment; Subcortical; Adolescence; Sex differences; Replication; Longitudinal; Magnetic resonance imaging; Amygdala; Hippocampus
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 DA018910, R01 HD053893, R01 MH087563, F32 HD0708084, K01 MH1087610, R01 MH107418]
- Research Council of Norway
- University of Oslo [FRIMEDBIO 230345]
- Colonial Foundation
- National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC
- Australia] [350241, 1007716]
- Australian Research Council [ARC] [DP0878136]
- MRC [G1100402] Funding Source: UKRI
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The developmental patterns of subcortical brain volumes in males and females observed in previous studies have been inconsistent. To help resolve these discrepancies, we examined developmental trajectories using three independent longitudinal samples of participants in the age-span of 8-22 years (total 216 participants and 467 scans). These datasets, including Pittsburgh (PIT; University of Pittsburgh, USA), NeuroCognitive Development (NCD; University of Oslo, Norway), and Orygen Adolescent Development Study (OADS; The University of Melbourne, Australia), span three countries and were analyzed together and in parallel using mixed-effects modeling with both generalized additive models and general linear models. For all regions and across all samples, males were found to have significantly larger volumes as compared to females, and significant sex differences were seen in age trajectories over time. However, direct comparison of sample trajectories and sex differences identified within samples were not consistent. The trajectories for the amygdala, putamen, and nucleus accumbens were most consistent between the three samples. Our results suggest that even after using similar preprocessing and analytic techniques, additional factors, such as image acquisition or sample composition may contribute to some of the discrepancies in sex specific patterns in subcortical brain changes across adolescence, and highlight region-specific variations in congruency of developmental trajectories.
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