Journal
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Volume 5, Issue 1-2, Pages 53-78Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s12469-013-0067-7
Keywords
Bus network design; Express service; Large-scale optimization; Limited-stop service; Mixed integer program; Public transit
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation Singapore
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Long in-vehicle travel times resulting from frequent stops make bus service an unattractive choice for many commuters. Limited-stop bus services however have the advantage of shorter in-vehicle times experienced by passengers. In this work, we seek to modify a given bus service by optimally reassigning some number of bus trips, as opposed to providing additional trips, to operate a limited-stop service. We propose an optimization model to determine a limited-stop service route to be operated in parallel with the local service and its associated frequency to maximize total user welfare. A few theoretical properties of the model are established and used to develop a solution approach. As a proof of concept, we present numerical results obtained using real-world data together with comprehensive discussions of solution quality, computational times and the model's sensitivity to different parameters. Finally, we solve the optimization model for 178 real-world bus routes with different characteristics in order to demonstrate the impacts of some key attributes on potential benefits of limited-stop services.
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