Journal
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages 666-678Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nri3494
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [HL109102, HL107202]
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
- Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology and Medicine
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CD4(+) T helper (T-H) cells regulate appropriate cellular and humoral immune responses to a wide range of pathogens and are central to the success of vaccines. However, their dysregulation can cause allergies and autoimmune diseases. The CD4(+) T cell population is characterized not only by a range of distinct cell subsets, such as T(H)1, T(H)2 and T(H)17 cells, regulatory T cells and T follicular helper cells - each with specific functions and gene expression programmes - but also by plasticity between the different T-H cell subsets. In this Review, we discuss recent advances and emerging ideas about how microRNAs - small endogenously expressed oligonucleotides that modulate gene expression - are involved in the regulatory networks that determine T-H cell fate decisions and that regulate their effector functions.
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