Export diversification, composition, and economic growth: Evidence from cross-country analysis

We investigate the export-growth relationship at disaggregate levels - disaggregation both at the country level and at the level of exports - focusing on the diversification and the composition of exports of countries. In a sample of 65 countries for the period 1965-2005 the dynamic panel estimation reveals that both diversification and composition of exports are important determinants of economic growth after controlling for the impacts of other variables like lagged income, investment, and infrastructure. There is a critical level of export concentration beyond which increasing export specialization leads to higher growth. Below this critical level, diversification of exports matters for gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Growth of high technology exports also contributes tothe output growth; the relationship becomes stronger for countries that have share of manufacturing exports in their total exports greater than the world average. These results are robust even when the dataset isclassified in four sub-panels based on the export-economic growth relationship.