Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 523-539Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0048-6
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust
- European Research Council [742210]
- German Research Foundation [DFG-SFB 807, DFG-FOR2251]
- DFG-EXC115 (Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt-Macromolecular Complexes)
- Innovative Medicines Joint Undertaking (IMI-Translocation) [115525]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R44 AI100332]
- Human Frontier Science Program [RGP0034/2013]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/R00224X/1, BB/N014200/1]
- Herchel Smith Scholarship
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Mexico
- Medical Research Council [MR/022596/1]
- BBSRC [BB/K017713/1, BB/R00224X/1, BB/N014200/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MC_PC_13059, G0501415] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [742210] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are numerous and complex, but one underlying factor is the capacity of bacteria to rapidly export drugs through the intrinsic activity of efflux pumps. In this Review, we describe recent advances that have increased our understanding of the structures and molecular mechanisms of multidrug efflux pumps in bacteria. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that efflux pumps function not only in the drug extrusion process but also in virulence and the adaptive responses that contribute to antimicrobial resistance during infection. The emerging picture of the structure, function and regulation of efflux pumps suggests opportunities for countering their activities.
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