Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 176-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nm.4475
Keywords
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Funding
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine's Genetics and Genome Sciences Department
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center [P30CA043703]
- Liddy Shriver Sarcoma Initiative
- QuadW Foundation
- Sarcoma Foundation of America
- St. Baldrick's Foundation
- Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation
- Hyundai Hope-on-Wheels Program
- Pediatric Cancer Research Foundation
- CCCC AYA Oncology Pilot Grant
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [F30 CA186633, F30 CA183510, T32 GM007250, R01CA193677, R01CA204279, R01CA160356, F31CA192874, R21CA218790]
- NIH [15335]
- NIH Intramural Research Program
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA204279, R01CA160356, F30CA186633, P30CA043703, R01CA193677, ZIABC011328, R21CA218790, ZIABC010759, F31CA213965] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [TL1TR000441] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [T32GM007250] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Metastasis results from a complex set of traits acquired by tumor cells, distinct from those necessary for tumorigenesis. Here, we investigate the contribution of enhancer elements to the metastatic phenotype of osteosarcoma. Through epigenomic profiling, we identify substantial differences in enhancer activity between primary and metastatic human tumors and between near isogenic pairs of highly lung metastatic and nonmetastatic osteosarcoma cell lines. We term these regions metastatic variant enhancer loci (Met-VELs). Met-VELs drive coordinated waves of gene expression during metastatic colonization of the lung. Met-VELs cluster nonrandomly in the genome, indicating that activity of these enhancers and expression of their associated gene targets are positively selected. As evidence of this causal association, osteosarcoma lung metastasis is inhibited by global interruptions of Met-VEL-associated gene expression via pharmacologic BET inhibition, by knockdown of AP-1 transcription factors that occupy Met-VELs, and by knockdown or functional inhibition of individual genes activated by Met-VELs, such as that encoding coagulation factor III/tissue factor (F3). We further show that genetic deletion of a single Met-VEL at the F3 locus blocks metastatic cell outgrowth in the lung. These findings indicate that Met-VELs and the genes they regulate play a functional role in metastasis and may be suitable targets for antimetastatic therapies.
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