Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 604-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0017-7
Keywords
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Funding
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery [OPP1033115, OPP1124068]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID) [1UM1 AI100663]
- BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory [UM1 AI126620]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH [AI100148, AI037526]
- Robertson Foundation
- Rockefeller University
- NIH [U01AI118536]
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Despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), latent HIV-1 proviruses persist in patients. This latent reservoir is established within 48-72 h after infection, has a long half-life(1,2), enables viral rebound when ART is interrupted, and is the major barrier to a cure for HIV-13. Latent cells are exceedingly rare in blood (similar to 1 per 1 x 10(6) CD4(+) T cells) and are typically enumerated by indirect means, such as viral outgrowth assays(4,5). We report a new strategy to purify and characterize single reactivated latent cells from HIV1-infected individuals on suppressive ART. Surface expression of viral envelope protein was used to enrich reactivated latent T cells producing HIV RNA, and single-cell analysis was performed to identify intact virus. Reactivated latent cells produce full-length viruses that are identical to those found in viral outgrowth cultures and represent clones of in vivo expanded T cells, as determined by their T cell receptor sequence. Gene-expression analysis revealed that these cells share a transcriptional profile that includes expression of genes implicated in silencing the virus. We conclude that reactivated latent T cells isolated from blood can share a gene-expression program that allows for cell division without activation of the cell death pathways that are normally triggered by HIV-1 replication.
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