Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 450-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0053-1
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Funding
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), France
- French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-LABX-0035]
- French Ministere des affaires etrangeres et europeennes (MAEE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) through the ICT-ASIA programme [3226/DGM/ATT/RECH]
- HKU Start-up Fund for New Staff
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Variations of the lattice parameter can significantly change the properties of a material, and, in particular, its electronic behaviour. In the case of graphene, however, variations of the lattice constant with respect to graphite have been limited to less than 2.5% due to its well-established high in-plane stiffness. Here, through systematic electronic and lattice structure studies, we report regions where the lattice constant of graphene monolayers grown on copper by chemical vapour deposition increases up to similar to 7.5% of its relaxed value. Density functional theory calculations confirm that this expanded phase is energetically metastable and driven by the enhanced interaction between the substrate and the graphene adlayer. We also prove that this phase possesses distinctive chemical and electronic properties. The inherent phase complexity of graphene grown on copper foils revealed in this study may inspire the investigation of possible metastable phases in other seemingly simple heterostructure systems.
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