Journal
NATURE CHEMISTRY
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 631-637Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0046-3
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [1113904, 1148051, 1113790, 1076356, 105146]
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [160104915, 140103465]
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Human genome function is underpinned by the primary storage of genetic information in canonical B-form DNA, with a second layer of DNA structure providing regulatory control. I-motif structures are thought to form in cytosine-rich regions of the genome and to have regulatory functions; however, in vivo evidence for the existence of such structures has so far remained elusive. Here we report the generation and characterization of an antibody fragment (iMab) that recognizes i-motif structures with high selectivity and affinity, enabling the detection of i-motifs in the nuclei of human cells. We demonstrate that the in vivo formation of such structures is cell-cycle and pH dependent. Furthermore, we provide evidence that i-motif structures are formed in regulatory regions of the human genome, including promoters and telomeric regions. Our results support the notion that i-motif structures provide key regulatory roles in the genome.
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