Oxygen redox chemistry without excess alkali-metal ions in Na-2/3[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O-2

The search for improved energy-storage materials has revealed Li-and Na-rich intercalation compounds as promising high-capacity cathodes. They exhibit capacities in excess of what would be expected from alkali-ion removal/reinsertion and charge compensation by transition-metal (TM) ions. The additional capacity is provided through charge compensation by oxygen redox chemistry and some oxygen loss. It has been reported previously that oxygen redox occurs in O 2p orbitals that interact with alkali ions in the TM and alkali-ion layers (that is, oxygen redox occurs in compounds containing Li+-O(2p)-Li+ interactions). Na-2/3[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O-2 exhibits an excess capacity and here we show that this is caused by oxygen redox, even though Mg2+ resides in the TM layers rather than alkali-metal (AM) ions, which demonstrates that excess AM ions are not required to activate oxygen redox. We also show that, unlike the alkali-rich compounds, Na-2/3[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O-2 does not lose oxygen. The extraction of alkali ions from the alkali and TM layers in the alkalirich compounds results in severely underbonded oxygen, which promotes oxygen loss, whereas Mg2+ remains in Na-2/3[Mg0.28Mn0.72]O-2, which stabilizes oxygen.