Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 5070-5077Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01914
Keywords
In situ TEM; pseudoelectroelasticity; Cu2S nanowires; superionic conductors
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0204800]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51420105003, 11327901, 11525415, 11674052]
- China Scholarship Council [201606090071]
- Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University [YBPY1708]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division within the KC22ZH program [DE-AC02-05-CH11231]
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Prediction from the dual-phase nature of superionic conductors-both solid and liquid-like-is that mobile ions in the material may experience reversible extraction-reinsertion by an external electric field. However, this type of pseudoelectroelasticity has not been confirmed in situ, and no details on the microscopic mechanism are known. Here, we in situ monitor the pseudoelectroelasticity of monocrystalline Cu2S nanowires (NWs) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specifically, we reveal the atomic scale details including phase transformation, migration and redox reactions of Cu+ ions, nucleation, growth, as well as spontaneous shrinking of Cu protrusion. Caterpillar-diffusion-dominated deformation is confirmed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation and ab initio calculation, which can be driven by either an external electric field or chemical potential difference. The observed spring-like behavior was creatively adopted for electric nanoactuators. Our findings are crucial to elucidate the mechanism of pseudoelectroelasticity and could potentially stimulate in-depth research into electrochemical and nanoelectromechanical systems.
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