Raman Spectroscopy, Photocatalytic Degradation, and Stabilization of Atomically Thin Chromium Tri-iodide

As a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor with magnetic ordering, atomically thin chromium tri-iodide is the latest addition to the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, realistic exploration of CrI3-based devices and heterostructures is challenging due to its extreme instability under ambient conditions. Here, we present Raman characterization of CrI3 and demonstrate that the main degradation pathway of CrI3 is the photocatalytic substitution of iodine by water. While simple encapsulation by Al2O3, PMMA, and hexagonal BN (hBN) only leads to modest reduction in degradation rate, minimizing light exposure markedly improves stability, and CrI3 sheets sandwiched between hBN layers are air stable for >10 days. By monitoring the transfer characteristics of the CrI3/graphene heterostructure over the course of degradation, we show that the aquachromium solution hole-dopes graphene.