Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 18, Issue 7, Pages 4214-4219Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01131
Keywords
Two-dimensional magnet; 2D materials; Raman spectrocopy; photocatalytic reaction; graphene/CrI3 heterostructure
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Funding
- SHINES, which is an Energy Frontier Research Center - DOE BES [SC0012670]
- NSF/ECCS [1509958]
- Center for Emergent Materials
- NSF MRSEC [DMR-1420451]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0014208]
- Elemental Strategy Initiative by the MEXT, Japan
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP26248061, JP15K21722, JP25106006]
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As a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor with magnetic ordering, atomically thin chromium tri-iodide is the latest addition to the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, realistic exploration of CrI3-based devices and heterostructures is challenging due to its extreme instability under ambient conditions. Here, we present Raman characterization of CrI3 and demonstrate that the main degradation pathway of CrI3 is the photocatalytic substitution of iodine by water. While simple encapsulation by Al2O3, PMMA, and hexagonal BN (hBN) only leads to modest reduction in degradation rate, minimizing light exposure markedly improves stability, and CrI3 sheets sandwiched between hBN layers are air stable for >10 days. By monitoring the transfer characteristics of the CrI3/graphene heterostructure over the course of degradation, we show that the aquachromium solution hole-dopes graphene.
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