Journal
MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
Volume 809, Issue -, Pages 70-80Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.06.007
Keywords
Homologous recombination; Double-strand break; Genomic integrity
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning [2017R1A2B2005603, 2012M3A9C6050367, 2014R1A2A1A11051584]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2014R1A2A1A11051584, 2017R1A2B2005603, 2012M3A9C6050367] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes in the first round of meiotic division. HR is also crucial for preserving genomic integrity of somatic cells due to its ability to rescue collapsed replication forks and eliminate deleterious DNA lesions, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand crosslinks, and single-strand DNA gaps. Here, we review the early steps of HR (homology search and strand exchange), focusing on the roles of the two ends of a DSB. A detailed overview of the basic HR machinery and its mechanism for template selection and capture of duplex DNA via strand exchange is provided. Roles of proteins involved in these steps are discussed in both mitotic and meiotic HR. Central to this review is the hypothesis, which suggests that in meiosis, HR begins with a symmetrical DSB, but the symmetry is quickly lost with the two ends assuming different roles; it argues that this disparity of the two ends is essential for regulation of HR in meiosis and successful production of haploid gametes. We also propose a possible evolutionary reason for the asymmetry of the ends in HR.
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