Journal
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 1230-1238Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0025-4
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Funding
- National Science and Technology Major Projects of Infectious Disease [2012ZX10004501-001-004]
- Mega-Projects of Science Research for the 12th Five-Year Plan, China [2014ZX10001003005]
- National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [81271334, 81201261, 81301428]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042017kf0030]
- National Institutes of Health [DA041302, DA022177, DA040329, MH109385]
- Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation (New York, NY)
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-HIV-1 properties. We demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of EGCG could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose SHIVSF162P3N. This protection has a per-exposure risk reduction of 91.5% (P = 0.0009; log-rank test) and a complete protection of 87.5% (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). All protected animals showed no evidence of systemic and mucosal SHIV infection as demonstrated by the absence of viral RNA, DNA and antibodies. In contrast, all controls became infected after repeated SHIV challenges (a median of 2.5 times, range of 1-8 times). Mechanistically, EGCG could block the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor and suppress the macrophage infiltration/activation in the rectal mucosa of macaques. These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe and cost-effective microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1.
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