Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 476, Issue 4, Pages 4435-4441Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty484
Keywords
gamma-ray burst: general
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Funding
- STFC
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H02075] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Orphan afterglows from short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are potential candidates for electromagnetic (EM) counterpart searches to gravitational wave (GW) detected neutron star or neutron star black hole mergers. Various jet dynamical and structure models have been proposed that can be tested by the detection of a large sample of GW-EM counterparts. We make predictions for the expected rate of optical transients from these jet models for future survey telescopes, without a GW or GRB trigger. A sample of merger jets is generated in the redshift limits 0 <= z <= 3.0, and the expected peak r-band flux and time-scale above the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) or Zwicky Transient Factory (ZTF) detection threshold, m(r) = 24.5 and 20.4, respectively, is calculated. General all-sky rates are shown for m(r) <= 26.0 and m(r) <= 21.0. The detected orphan and GRB afterglow rate depends on jet model, typically 16 less than or similar to R less than or similar to 76 yr(-1) for the LSST, and 2 less than or similar to R less than or similar to 8 yr(-1) for ZTF. An excess in the rate of orphan afterglows for a survey to a depth of m(r) = 26 would indicate that merger jets have a dominant low-Lorentz factor population, or the jets exhibit intrinsic jet structure. Careful filtering of transients is required to successfully identify orphan afterglows from either short- or long-GRB progenitors.
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