Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020262
Keywords
chiral drugs; forensic chemistry; enantiomers; pharmaceuticals; illicit drugs
Funding
- FCT/MCTES-Foundation for Science and Technology from the Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education (PIDDAC)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE-Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC) programme, under the Strategic Funding [PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790]
- Promover a Producao Cientifica e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico e a Constituicao de Redes Tematicas [3599-PPCDT]
- INNOVMAR-Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035]
- North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Chiral_Drugs_CESPU
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Many substances of forensic interest are chiral and available either as racemates or pure enantiomers. Application of chiral analysis in biological samples can be useful for the determination of legal or illicit drugs consumption or interpretation of unexpected toxicological effects. Chiral substances can also be found in environmental samples and revealed to be useful for determination of community drug usage (sewage epidemiology), identification of illicit drug manufacturing locations, illegal discharge of sewage and in environmental risk assessment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the application of chiral analysis in biological and environmental samples and their relevance in the forensic field. Most frequently analytical methods used to quantify the enantiomers are liquid and gas chromatography using both indirect, with enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents, and direct methods recurring to chiral stationary phases.
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