Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020436
Keywords
iminosugars; trehalase inhibitors; pseudodisaccharides; pyrrolizidines; pyrrolidines; glycosylation reaction
Funding
- Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze [2014/0303]
- Accademia dei Lincei/Fondazione Donegani
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This work aims to synthesize new trehalase inhibitors selective towards the insect trehalase versus the porcine trehalase, in view of their application as potentially non-toxic insecticides and fungicides. The synthesis of a new pseudodisaccharide mimetic 8, by means of a stereoselective alpha-glucosylation of the key pyrrolizidine intermediate 13, was accomplished. The activity of compound 8 as trehalase inhibitor towards C. riparius trehalase was evaluated and the results showed that 8 was active in the mu M range and showed a good selectivity towards the insect trehalase. To reduce the overall number of synthetic steps, simpler and more flexible disaccharide mimetics 9-11 bearing a pyrrolidine nucleus instead of the pyrrolizidine core were synthesized. The biological data showed the key role of the linker chain's length in inducing inhibitory properties, since only compounds 9 (alpha,beta-mixture), bearing a two-carbon atom linker chain, maintained activity as trehalase inhibitors. A proper change in the glucosyl donor-protecting groups allowed the stereoselective synthesis of the beta-glucoside 9 beta, which was active in the low micromolar range (IC50 = 0.78 mu M) and 12-fold more potent (and more selective) than 9 alpha towards the insect trehalase.
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