Journal
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Volume 31, Issue 12, Pages 1232-1243Publisher
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-02-18-0035-R
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31670127]
- Tianjin Natural Science Foundation [17JCYBJC23800]
- Health and Medical Research Fund of Hong Kong [17160022]
- City University of Hong Kong [7200535, 9610370]
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The type III secretion system (T3SS) is the main machinery for Pseudomonas savastanoi and other gram-negative bacteria to invade plant cells. HrpR and HrpS form a hetero-hexamer, which activates the expression of HrpL, which induces all T3SS genes by binding to a 'hrp box' in promoters. However, the individual molecular mechanism of HrpR or HrpS has not been fully understood. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput DNA sequencing, we found that HrpR, HrpS, and HrpL had four, 47, and 31 targets on the genome, respectively. HrpS directly bound to the promoter regions of a group of T3SS genes and non-T3SS genes. HrpS independently regulated these genes in a hrpL deletion strain. Additionally, a HrpS-binding motif (GTGCCAAA) was identified, which was verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and lux-reporter assay. HrpS also regulated motility and biofilm formation in P. savastanoi. The present study strongly suggests that HrpS alone can work as a global regulator on both T3SS and non-T3SS genes in P. savastanoi.
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