Journal
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 696-704Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1254-3
Keywords
Immunotherapy; In vivo imaging; Oncology; Translation; Imaging biomarker
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant (CoNQUeST Grant) [336454]
- Radboud Oncologie Fonds of Dutch Cancer Society [KUN2015-8106]
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Rubicon Grant [019.162LW.020]
- Werner Siemens Foundation
- Cancer Research UK via a Multidisciplinary Project Award [C48390/A21153]
- Cancer Research UK via Worldwide Cancer Research [16 1135]
- Cancer Research UK through the King's College London
- UCL Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre - Cancer Research UK
- EPSRC
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering at King's College London [WT 203148/Z/16/Z]
- British Heart Foundation
- Royal Society
- MRC [MC_PC_14105] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [336454] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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This review aims to emphasize the potential of in vivo imaging to optimize current and upcoming anti-cancer immunotherapies: spanning from preclinical to clinical applications. Immunotherapies are an emerging class of treatments for a variety of diseases. The agents include molecular and cellular therapeutics, which aim to treat the disease through re-education of the host immune system, often via complex mechanisms of action. In vivo imaging has the potential to contribute in several different ways: (1) as a drug development tool to improve our understanding of their complex mechanisms of action, (2) as a tool to predict efficacy, for example, to stratify patients into probable responders and likely non-responders, and (3) as a non-invasive treatment response biomarker to guide efficient immunotherapy use and to recognize early signs of potential loss of efficacy or resistance in patients. Areas where in vivo imaging is already successfully implemented in onco-immunology research will be discussed and domains where its use offers great potential will be highlighted. The focus of this article is on anti-cancer immunotherapy as it currently is the most advanced immunotherapy area. However, the described concepts can also be paralleled in other immune-mediated disorders and for conditions requiring immunotherapeutic intervention. Importantly, we introduce a new study group within the European Society of Molecular Imaging with the goal to facilitate and enhance immunotherapy development through the use of in vivo imaging.
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